Brazil great Pele was nine years old when his country suffered the “Maracanazo” trauma as Uruguay came from behind to win 2-1 in Rio de Janeiro to claim the 1950 World Cup.
Pele’s father burst into tears when the winning goal was scored by Alcides Ghiggia. The young Pele promised his father he would win a World Cup to make up for the disappointment.
The shock of defeat was palpable in and out of the stadium.
“It was the first time in my life that I heard something that wasn’t noise,” Uruguay’s Juan Alberto Schiaffino, who scored his country’s first goal, said years later.
Brazil’s trauma over a football defeat can be explained by the fact the country was looking for its place in the world while trying to consolidate itself as a nation-state, says Ronaldo George Helal, a sociologist and professor at Rio de Janeiro State University.
The result of the match was viewed as “the victory or defeat of the Brazilian nation project,” based on the idea of a racially harmonious country united by football.
“Until the 1930s, there was no concept in Brazil about what the Brazilian nation was,” Helal told AFP.
By 1950 the country was heralded by UNESCO as the “exemplary situation” of “harmony” with football at its core.
The reality was a little different and black goalkeeper Moacir Barbosa was deemed the culprit by many.
“The maximum (prison) sentence (in Brazil) is 30 years, but I’ve already done 40 years,” Barbosa said in the 1990s.
No ‘great feat’
In Uruguay, the victory was turned into a metaphor for how the small can overcome a giant.
While “Maracanazo” means a national tragedy in Brazil, in Uruguay it is used to describe a victory against the odds or the overcoming of adversity.
In reality, though, despite the difference in the size of the two countries – Brazil’s population was around 23 times greater than Uruguay’s in 1950 – this was no David defeating Goliath.
Uruguay were still a footballing superpower at the time having won the Olympic Games in 1924 and 1928 and the first World Cup in 1930.
“With the Maracanazo, sometimes the emphasis is put on a ‘great feat’ ... and the fact that Uruguay had a great team is brushed aside,” said Uruguayan journalist Atilio Garrido, author of “Maracana, a secret history.”
For sociologist Felipe Arocena, from Uruguay’s University of the Republic, what happened in the “Maracana was a confirmation for those that experienced it.”
Uruguay’s position in world football “was much more than just 1950 final, although the Maracana epic ended up overshadowing” three decades of success.
That’s not the way the Brazilians – hungry for a first world title – saw things.
For Helal, the trauma lasted until Brazil’s third World Cup triumph, when Pele inspired the Selecao to glory in Mexico in 1970 – their third success in four tournaments.
That was greeted “as a victory for the Brazilian nation.”
With the passage of time, Brazilian society has come to understand that “national team matches are (just) sporting victories or defeats.”
That change in mentality was evident when in 2014, Brazil suffered their most humiliating experience on a football pitch – hammered 7-1 at home in the World Cup semi-final by a rampant Germany.
“In 1950 it was a tragedy; in 2014 it was a satire that became a meme, because people didn’t take it so seriously anymore,” said Helal, who added that it shows “a greater maturity in society.”
Read: The first November-December football World Cup: Fifa announces schedule for Qatar 2022
For Uruguay, that moment was a peak the country has been unable to match since, either on the pitch or from an economic perspective.
Uruguay have never won the World Cup since, their best placing being fourth in 1954, 1970 and 2010.
“As a small country without great resources it’s become ever more difficult to compete in a sport where the importance of money is growing,” said journalist Luis Prats, an author of several books on football.
And once Uruguay began its economic decline from the heady days of the 1950s, “sport in general was no longer given the same importance by the state that it had at the beginning of the (20th) century,” added Arocena.
Today, that result is seen through the lens of a tiny country dwarfed by two regional giants – both from a footballing and economic perspective – Brazil and Argentina.
“It’s an episode that summons national pride, with aspects that seem legendary,” said Prats.
