Union Human Resource Development Minister Smriti Irani on Monday released the results of the first-ever government-backed rankings of the country's higher education institutions. According to the HRD ministry, the survey evaluated higher educational institutions in four categories – engineering, management, pharmacy, and one named just "universities".

Jawaharlal Nehru University and the Hyderabad Central University were ranked among the top 10 in the universities category. Both JNU and HCU have been at the centre of massive controversies that have drawn critical responses from the government. At JNU, several students were arrested on charges of sedition after a protest on campus condemning the hanging of Parliament attacks convict Afzal Guru. At HCU, students have been protesting against institutionalised casteism in the university system after Dalit PhD scholar Rohith Vemula committed suicide in January.

The survey comes under the the National Institutional Ranking Framework, which the government launched in 2015. According to Hindustan Times, more than 3,500 universities, both public and private, were part of the survey.

Here are the top 3 universities in each category:

Engineering

1. Indian Institute of Technology – Madras

2. IIT – Bombay

3. IIT – Kharagpur

Management

1. Indian Institute of Management – Bengaluru

2. IIM – Ahmedabad

3. IIM – Calcutta

Universities

1. Indian Institute of Science – Bangalore

2. Institute of Chemical Technology – Mumbai

3. Jawaharlal Nehru University

Pharmacy

1. Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Manipal

2. University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Chandigarh

3. Jamia Hamdard – New Delhi

Here's a full list of the rankings.