Boro rice, once the dominant form of paddy grown in Bangladesh, is increasingly under strain due to the high level of irrigation it uses. Most of the popular varieties of Boro rice were developed by the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, and were meant to deal with cultivation in waterlogged areas.

In this they succeeded wildly, and are planted in Bangladesh, India and parts of Nepal. It is the largest paddy in terms of production in Bangladesh, and produced approximately 19 million metric tonnes in the year 2013-'14 out of a total of 34.5 tonnes.

In the traditional method, farmers prepare their land in the middle of December to grow seedlings in the seedbed. It takes around 45 days to prepare the seedlings for sowing in the clay filed.

During the seedling phase, the crop is standing in water, which was ideal when fields were waterlogged, but is not so now as water usage has exploded in urban areas, and groundwater levels have been falling for decades.

So now Boro rice, the mainstay of agriculture, competes for scarce water. Production levels remain very high, though they have dipped a little in recent years due to lower procurement prices from the government.

A new method

In this bleak situation, scientists from the Bangladesh Agricultural University have developed an alternative Boro paddy cultivation method that may save the day. This dry method requires only half the water needed by the traditional clay method.

Moshiur Rahman, an agronomy professor at the university, who led the research into the new method, said, “It reduces the amount of water used by around 50%”. The researchers have dubbed the new method “dry direct seeded Boro rice production technology”.

In both cases, the paddy requires water in the field for 30 days between panicle initiation, just after the stem stops growing in length, and the grain filling stages. In the dry process, the seed needs to be planted directly at the end of January and takes around 105 to 115 days to be harvested, while the clay method takes 95 days after sowing the seedlings.

The research

Lead researcher Moshiur Rahman started working on the project in 2006 in a field that was part of the laboratory space in his university. It took him two years to achieve the first successful harvest. Then he started testing in the field. Rahman has been demonstrating his dry direct Boro paddy cultivation technology in the districts of Rajshahi, Rangpur, Dinajpur, Tangail and Netrokona since 2009.

Although the tests have been largely successful the new method does have its problems. The traditional method leads to harvesting a little earlier than the dry method, making the fields of the latter vulnerable to pests. The farmers cannot shift their planting earlier to compensate because the temperature would be too low for the seedlings. Nevertheless, Rahman suggested that if farmers adopted the method en masse then the pest problem would also go away.

Anwarul Islam, a farmer from the district of Dinajpur in northern Bangladesh, applied the dry method of boro cultivation on his field of one and a half acres last year. “This was a totally different practice but the production was almost same,” he told thethirdpole.net

The water from adjacent fields – which were using the traditional methods – leaked into his fields, though, creating problems for him.

The government of Bangladesh has invited Rahman to demonstrate the method. “The new method is ground breaking," Jibon Krisna Biswas, director general of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, told thethirdpole.net. "I have personally [assessed] the invention and I believe that it will work in reducing water use in the country’s Boro paddy cultivation remarkably.”

But for it to succeed, farmers need to be informed and helped to implement the new method successfully.

This article first appeared on The Third Pole.